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SMS Bayern
SMS ''Bayern'' was the lead ship of the of battleships in the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy). The vessel was launched in February 1915 and entered service in July 1916, too late to take part in the Battle of Jutland. Her main armament consisted of eight 38 cm (15 in) guns in four turrets, which was a significant improvement over the preceding s ten 30.5 cm (12 inch) guns. The ship was to have formed the nucleus for a fourth battle squadron in the High Seas Fleet, along with three of her sister ships. Of the other ships only one——was completed; the other two were canceled later in the war when production requirements shifted to U-boat construction.
''Bayern'' was commissioned midway through the war, and had a limited service career. The first operation in which the ship took part was an abortive fleet advance into the North Sea on 18–19 August 1916, a month after she had been commissioned. The ship also participated in Operation Albion in the Gulf of Riga, but shortly after the German attack began on 12 October 1917, ''Bayern'' was mined and had to be withdrawn for repairs. She was interned with the majority of the High Seas Fleet in Scapa Flow in November 1918 following the end of World War I. On 21 June 1919, Admiral Ludwig von Reuter ordered the fleet to be scuttled; ''Bayern'' sank at 14:30. In September 1934, the ship was raised, towed to Rosyth, and scrapped.
== Design ==
(詳細はlong at the waterline, and an even long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of ''Bayern'' displaced at a normal displacement; at full combat load, she displaced up to . ''Bayern'' was powered by three Parsons steam turbines rated at and three oil-fired and eleven coal-fired Schulz-Thornycroft boilers, and on trials achieved ; she had a maximum speed of . The ship could carry up to of coal and of fuel oil, which provided a maximum range of at a cruising speed of .
The ship was the first German warship armed with eight 38 cm (15 in) guns. The primary battery guns were arranged in four twin gun turrets: two superfiring turrets each fore and aft. Her secondary armament consisted of sixteen 15 cm (5.9 in) guns, six 8.8 cm (3.45 in) guns and five 60 cm (23.6 in) underwater torpedo tubes, one in the bow and two on each beam. Upon commissioning, she carried a crew of 42 officers and 1,129 enlisted men. The ship had an armored belt that was thick and an armored deck that was thick. Her forward conning tower had sides, and the main battery turrets had 350 mm thick sides and thick roofs.
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